Can the state pass laws that impair the obligation of contracts?
No law shall be passed that impairs the obligations of established contracts between parties.
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How does the Constitution ensure access to legal assistance for the poor?
Poverty shall not prevent any person from having free access to courts and receiving adequate legal assistance.
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What rights does a person have while under investigation for an offense?
Persons under investigation have the right to remain silent, to have counsel, and to be informed of these rights.
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What forms of detention and treatment are prohibited for suspects?
Torture, violence, and secret or solitary detention are prohibited against persons under investigation.
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Is a confession obtained through violence admissible as evidence?
Confessions obtained through violation of constitutional rights are inadmissible as evidence in court proceedings.
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What are the legal consequences for violating the rights of detainees?
The law provides sanctions for rights violations and compensation/rehabilitation for victims of torture and their families.
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Who is entitled to bail before conviction?
Most persons are entitled to bail or recognizance before conviction; excessive bail is prohibited.
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What is the exception to the right to bail?
Bail may be denied for offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong.
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What is the presumption regarding the innocence of an accused person?
Every accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty and has the right to be heard.
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What rights does the accused have regarding witnesses and evidence?
The accused has the right to face witnesses and use compulsory process to produce evidence and witnesses.
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