What are the consequences of a second criminal copyright offense?
Second offenses carry three to six years of imprisonment and fines reaching Five hundred thousand pesos.
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What is the maximum penalty for third and subsequent criminal offenses?
Third offenses result in six to nine years of imprisonment and fines up to 1.5 million pesos.
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What happens if a convicted infringer is insolvent?
If an infringer is insolvent, they must serve subsidiary imprisonment in place of the unpaid criminal fine.
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What constitutes copyright infringement?
Infringement involves direct acts, benefiting from others’ violations with notice, or inducing unauthorized conduct under Section 216.
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What factors determine the length of imprisonment and amount of fine?
Courts determine sentences based on the value of infringing goods and the damage suffered by the copyright owner.
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What are the primary remedies for copyright infringement?
Remedies include injunctions, desisting orders for imports, and payment of actual damages plus legal costs for rights violations.
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When is the maximum criminal penalty mandatory?
Maximum penalties are mandatory for circumvention of technology or altering electronic rights management information during copyright infringement.
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How are actual damages and profits calculated in infringement cases?
Owners recover actual damages and profits; plaintiffs prove sales while defendants must prove all claimed cost elements.
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Is possession of infringing copies for trade a criminal offense?
Possessing known infringing copies for sale, hire, distribution, or public trade exhibition is a punishable criminal offense.
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When can a court double the amount of damages awarded?
Damages double for circumventing technological measures or removing electronic rights management information to facilitate copyright infringement.
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