Learn how foreign complainants authenticate Philippine complaint-affidavits, prepare supporting documents, and file criminal charges through local prosecutors.
How Do Foreign Complainants Consularize Philippine Complaint-Affidavits? Read More »
Learn how to draft a Philippine corporate fraud complaint-affidavit that identifies every offense element and meets the current DOJ evidence standard.
How Do You Draft a Corporate Fraud Complaint-Affidavit? Read More »
Learn why a valid board resolution and Secretary’s Certificate are needed before a corporate representative may file criminal charges in the Philippines.
Can a Secretary’s Certificate Authorize Corporate Criminal Charges? Read More »
Learn how Philippine law appraises and divides inventory, warehouse stock, and equipment during disputes between business co-founders.
How Are Founder Disputes Over Inventory Valuation Resolved? Read More »
Philippine rules explain why corporate counsel represents the corporation—not individual directors or shareholders—during boardroom control disputes.
Who Does Corporate Counsel Represent During Boardroom Disputes? Read More »
Learn when boardroom insults may constitute oral defamation and support criminal or civil remedies under Philippine law.
Can You Sue a Co-Director for Slander During Board Meetings? Read More »
Learn how Philippine shareholders can seek receivership to protect dissipating corporate assets and prove that an independent receiver is necessary.
How Can Shareholders Seek Receivership for Corporate Assets? Read More »
Learn when Philippine corporations may reject contracts signed by unauthorized officers and how apparent authority, ratification, and estoppel affect corporate debts.
Can a Corporation Disown Contracts Signed by Officers? Read More »
Learn when Philippine corporations may deny voting rights to delinquent shares and how unpaid subscriptions affect dividends and elections.
Can Corporations Deny Voting Rights to Delinquent Shares? Read More »
Learn how Philippine close corporations can restrict share transfers, protect ownership, and lawfully control outsider purchases without absolute bans.
Can Close Corporations Completely Block Outside Buyers? Read More »
