Learn when reading private emails or digital messages may create criminal liability under Article 290, the Anti-Wiretapping Law, and privacy statutes.
Can Reading Private Messages Lead to Criminal Liability? Read More »
Learn when altered private audio recordings may constitute libel, cyber-libel, oral defamation, or intriguing against honor under Philippine law.
Can Altered Private Audio Recordings Create Criminal Liability? Read More »
Learn when anonymous social-media accounts may result in online libel, slander, privacy liability, and civil claims under Philippine law.
Can Fake Social Media Accounts Lead to Online Libel? Read More »
False allegations in private messaging groups may constitute Philippine libel or cyber libel when communicated to third persons, subject to defenses and evidentiary requirements.
Can Private Group Chats Lead to Criminal Libel? Read More »
Can freelancers face criminal liability for selling proprietary source code? Learn how Article 292 applies to confidential software and industrial secrets.
Can Freelancers Face Liability for Selling Source Code? Read More »
Learn how to preserve chat logs and emails for Philippine courts through authentication, metadata protection, forensic collection, and chain of custody.
How Are Chat Logs and Emails Preserved for Court? Read More »
Learn how Philippine cyber warrants govern the disclosure, search, seizure, and examination of corporate data stored on remote servers.
How Are Cyber Warrants Used in Corporate Data Theft? Read More »
Learn how Philippine courts authenticate emails, chat logs, screenshots, and electronic invoices under the Rules on Electronic Evidence.
How Is Digital Evidence Authenticated for Prosecution? Read More »
Learn who owns startup software code and branding created before incorporation, and how Philippine law addresses assignments, registration, and founder disputes.
Who Owns Startup Code and Branding Before Incorporation? Read More »
Learn how Philippine law prosecutes CEO impersonation scam cases using computer-related identity theft, AFASA social engineering, and estafa.
