What is the Supreme Court’s role in reviewing martial law?
The Supreme Court can review the factual basis of martial law and must decide on its validity within thirty days.
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Does martial law suspend the operation of the Constitution?
Martial law does not suspend the Constitution or the functions of civil courts and legislative assemblies in the Philippines.
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To whom does the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus apply?
Suspending the writ of habeas corpus only affects those judicially charged with rebellion or crimes directly related to an invasion.
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What is the time limit for charging a person arrested during the writ’s suspension?
Persons arrested during a writ suspension must be charged within three days or be released from government custody immediately.
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What clemency powers does the President possess?
The President can grant pardons, reprieves, and commutations, except in impeachment cases, after a final judicial conviction.
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Who must concur for the President to grant amnesty?
The President requires the concurrence of a majority of all members of Congress to grant legal amnesty.
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Who must the President consult before contracting foreign loans?
The President must get the Monetary Board’s concurrence before contracting or guaranteeing any foreign loans for the Republic.
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What is required for a treaty to be valid in the Philippines?
A treaty is only valid if at least two-thirds of the Senate members concur with the international agreement.
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When must the President submit the national budget to Congress?
The President must submit the national budget to Congress within thirty days of the start of each regular session.
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Who does the President have the power to nominate and appoint?
The President appoints department heads, ambassadors, and high-ranking military officers, often requiring Commission on Appointments’ consent.
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