First-time criminal offenders face one to three years of imprisonment and fines up to One hundred fifty thousand pesos.
What is the penalty for a first-time criminal copyright offense? Read More »
Second offenses carry three to six years of imprisonment and fines reaching Five hundred thousand pesos.
What are the consequences of a second criminal copyright offense? Read More »
Third offenses result in six to nine years of imprisonment and fines up to 1.5 million pesos.
What is the maximum penalty for third and subsequent criminal offenses? Read More »
If an infringer is insolvent, they must serve subsidiary imprisonment in place of the unpaid criminal fine.
What happens if a convicted infringer is insolvent? Read More »
Infringement involves direct acts, benefiting from others’ violations with notice, or inducing unauthorized conduct under Section 216.
What constitutes copyright infringement? Read More »
Courts determine sentences based on the value of infringing goods and the damage suffered by the copyright owner.
What factors determine the length of imprisonment and amount of fine? Read More »
Fair use can apply to unpublished works after considering purpose, nature, substantiality, and market impact factors.
Can unpublished works be subject to fair use? Read More »
Architects can control the erection of buildings reproducing their designs, excluding reconstructions or rehabilitations in the same style.
What rights exist in a “Work of Architecture”? Read More »
Individuals may make a single copy of a work for private research or study without needing the author’s permission.
Is private reproduction of a published work permitted? Read More »
Non-profit libraries can reproduce works for preservation, to replace lost copies, or to supply brief portions for research.
When can libraries reproduce works without authorization? Read More »
