Learn when anonymous social-media accounts may result in online libel, slander, privacy liability, and civil claims under Philippine law.
Can Fake Social Media Accounts Lead to Online Libel? Read More »
Learn when selling or pawning financed equipment without written lender consent may lead to criminal liability under Article 319 of the Revised Penal Code.
Can Borrowers Sell Mortgaged Equipment Under Article 319? Read More »
Can a private debtor face prosecution for altering a promissory note or forging a lender’s signature? Learn the elements, evidence, defenses, and penalties.
Can Private Debtors Be Prosecuted for Forging Promissory Notes? Read More »
Can Private Real Estate Agents Face Estafa Charges? Introduction Private real estate brokers and agents commonly receive reservation fees or deposits from buyers for the purchase of property. These funds may be intended for delivery to the seller, developer, property owner, or broker’s principal. When the agent instead uses the money for personal purposes, the
Can Private Real Estate Agents Face Estafa Charges? Read More »
Learn when private couriers may face qualified theft charges for taking electronics or cash-on-delivery payments under Article 310.
When Do Couriers Face Qualified Theft Charges? Read More »
False allegations in private messaging groups may constitute Philippine libel or cyber libel when communicated to third persons, subject to defenses and evidentiary requirements.
Can Private Group Chats Lead to Criminal Libel? Read More »
Learn when dismantling or relocating a boundary fence may lead to criminal liability under Article 313 of the Revised Penal Code.
Can Landowners Be Prosecuted for Moving Boundary Fences? Read More »
Learn when private security guards may face unlawful arrest charges for detaining citizens without legal authority or reasonable ground under Article 269.
Can Private Security Guards Be Charged With Unlawful Arrest? Read More »
Learn when selling a mortgaged vehicle may result in criminal liability under Philippine law.
Can Hiding a Chattel Mortgage Lead to Criminal Charges? Read More »
Article 281 may punish unauthorized entry into fenced industrial lots and agricultural plots when warnings are clear and permission is absent.
Can Trespass Charges Cover Enclosed Industrial Lots? Read More »
