Learn how Philippine law penalizes directors who ignore internal graft, focusing on Section 168 of the Revised Corporation Code and related legal standards.
How Does Philippine Law Penalize Directors Who Ignore Corporate Graft? Read More »
Learn how Philippine law distinguishes contract breach from corporate fraud and how businesses can respond to SEC complaints alleging public deception.
When Does a Contract Breach Become Corporate Fraud? Read More »
Section 165 punishes corporations that conduct business through fraud, including Ponzi schemes and deceptive investment operations.
How Does Section 165 Punish Fraudulent Corporate Business? Read More »
Explains watered stocks, directors’ liability, and when fines may apply under the Revised Corporation Code, with Supreme Court and SEC guidance.
How Are Directors Fined for Issuing Watered Stocks? Read More »
Learn liability for withholding corporate minutes under the Revised Corporation Code, including inspection rights, defenses, SEC complaint process, and penalties.
What Liability Applies for Hiding Corporate Minutes? Read More »
Learn when a board meeting outside the Philippines is valid, how notice and quorum work, and remedies for exclusionary meetings under the Revised Corporation Code.
Are There Penalties for Board Meetings Abroad? Read More »
Learn penalties for falsifying corporate minutes and board quorum, including falsification risks, SEC consequences, and compliance tips for corporate secretaries.
What Are the Penalties for Falsifying Attendance in Corporate Minutes? Read More »
Learn SEC administrative fines and Revised Corporation Code penalties for corporations vested with public interest that fail to adopt a corporate code of ethics.
What Penalties Apply for Failing to Adopt a Corporate Code of Ethics? Read More »
Learn when shareholders can claim civil damages while the SEC imposes fines and sanctions under the Revised Corporation Code and related rulings.
Can shareholders claim damages while SEC fines directors? Read More »
Learn how forged Articles of Incorporation can lead to SEC revocation of registration and corporate dissolution under R.A. No. 11232 and case law.
Can the SEC dissolve companies with forged Articles of Incorporation? Read More »
