Learn the prison terms under Article 290 for opening, reading, and revealing another person’s sealed financial statements or private mail.
What Penalties Apply to Reading Private Financial Mail? Read More »
Learn when threatening emails against a business owner may constitute grave threats under Article 282 and what evidence is needed.
Can Email Threats Against Business Reputation Be Prosecuted? Read More »
Learn when a private caretaker’s unauthorized taking of farm equipment may constitute qualified theft under Article 310 of the Revised Penal Code.
Can a Private Caretaker Face Qualified Theft Charges? Read More »
How Is Criminal Intent Proven Under the Revised Penal Code? Introduction Criminal intent is often decisive in determining whether an accused may be held liable under Philippine criminal law. The prosecution must generally prove not only that the prohibited act occurred, but also that the accused acted with the state of mind required by the
How Is Criminal Intent Proven Under the Revised Penal Code? Read More »
Philippine law on corporate fraud conspiracy, director liability, active participation, and proving that board members shared a plan to defraud investors.
How Is Corporate Fraud Conspiracy Proven in Philippine Law? Read More »
Learn how nighttime, warehouse entry, and abuse of confidence may affect penalties for white-collar crimes under Philippine law.
How Do Aggravating Circumstances Increase White-Collar Crime Penalties? Read More »
Philippine rules on when security guards and managers may use force against trespassers while defending corporate property.
When May Security Guards Use Force Against Trespassers? Read More »
Learn how Philippine law calculates prescription periods for corporate fraud, including tax offenses, estafa, special laws, and criminal complaints.
When Does Corporate Fraud Prosecution Prescribe? Read More »
Repeatedly blocking a private driveway may constitute unjust vexation under Article 287 of the Revised Penal Code when done maliciously.
Can Blocking Private Driveways Constitute Unjust Vexation? Read More »
Learn when Philippine consultants may face criminal charges for revealing client secrets under Article 291 and what evidence supports a complaint.
Can Consultants Face Criminal Charges for Leaking Client Data? Read More »
