Which cases are constitutionally required to be heard by the Supreme Court en banc?

The Supreme Court is required to sit en banc when hearing cases that involve the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement, or law. Additionally, it must sit en banc for cases involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations. These significant legal questions must be decided with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations and voted thereon. This operational rule is found in Article VIII Section 4 1987 Philippine Constitution. “(2) All cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement, or law, which shall be heard by the Supreme Court en banc, and all other cases which under the Rules of Court are required to be heard en banc, including those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations, shall be decided with the concurrence of a majority of the Members who actually took part in the deliberations on the issues in the case and voted thereon.” 06-Mar-26

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