What are the consequences if a corporation fails to formally organize and commence business? If a corporation fails to formally organize and commence its business within five (5) years from the date of its incorporation, its certificate of incorporation is automatically deemed revoked (SEC. 21, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). This revocation takes effect […]
What procedure is followed if a corporation commences business but becomes continuously inoperative? If a corporation has commenced its business but subsequently becomes inoperative for a period of at least five (5) consecutive years, the SEC may place it under delinquent status after due notice and hearing (SEC. 21, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines).
What are the fundamental roles and responsibilities of the board of directors or trustees? The board of directors or trustees is vested with the power to exercise the corporate powers, which are the fundamental legal capabilities of the entity (SEC. 22, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). The board is also responsible for conducting all
What are the term lengths and qualification requirements for directors and trustees? Directors in a stock corporation are elected for a fixed term of one (1) year and must be holders of stocks registered in the corporation’s books (SEC. 22, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). Trustees in a nonstock corporation are elected for a
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What is the role and required percentage of independent directors in corporations vested with public interest? Corporations deemed vested with public interest must have independent directors constituting at least twenty percent (20%) of their board (SEC. 22, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). An independent director is defined as a person who is free from
What percentage of stock or membership is required to constitute a quorum for the election of directors or trustees? For the election of directors or trustees, there must be present, either in person or through a written proxy, the owners of a majority of the outstanding capital stock (SEC. 23, Revised Corporation Code of the
Describe the cumulative voting rights available to stockholders in stock corporations. In stock corporations, stockholders entitled to vote possess the right to vote the number of shares standing in their own names in the stock books at the time of the election (SEC. 23, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). They have three options for
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Who are the mandatory officers required for a corporation, and what restrictions apply to holding multiple offices? Immediately after their election, the directors must formally organize and elect a president, who is required to be a director (SEC. 24, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). They must also elect a treasurer, who must be a
What is the distinction between a corporator and an incorporator? Corporators are generally defined as all individuals who compose a corporation, whether they hold shares in a stock corporation or are merely members in a nonstock corporation (SEC. 5, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). Incorporators, however, are a specific subset of corporators. They are
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What fundamental right must always be retained by at least one class of shares? While certain shares, such as preferred or redeemable shares, may be deprived of voting rights, the Code mandates that there shall always be a class or series of shares with complete voting rights (SEC. 6, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines).
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