How is the voting process conducted in nonstock corporations, unless provided otherwise?
Unless specified otherwise in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, members of nonstock corporations may generally cast as many votes as there are trustees to be elected (SEC. 23, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). However, members may not cast more than one (1) vote for one (1) candidate, meaning cumulative voting is typically restricted. The election itself must be conducted by ballot if requested by any voting member, ensuring a formal voting mechanism. Nominees for trustees receiving the highest number of votes shall be duly declared elected.
02 November 2025
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