Learn the Philippine penalties for dummy stockholders, false SEC declarations, concealed foreign ownership, and beneficial ownership violations.
What Penalties Apply to Dummy Stockholders Hiding Foreign Owners? Read More »
Learn how Philippine investigators identify directors and managers personally responsible for illegal corporate acts during criminal proceedings.
How Are Responsible Corporate Officers Identified? Read More »
Section 172 of the Revised Corporation Code explains when aiders and abettors may face fines for corporate violations.
What Is Secondary Liability for Corporate Crimes? Read More »
Learn how SEC administrative sanctions differ from criminal fines for corporate offenses under the Revised Corporation Code.
How Do Corporate Administrative Sanctions Differ from Criminal Fines? Read More »
Explains watered stocks, directors’ liability, and when fines may apply under the Revised Corporation Code, with Supreme Court and SEC guidance.
How Are Directors Fined for Issuing Watered Stocks? Read More »
Learn liability for withholding corporate minutes under the Revised Corporation Code, including inspection rights, defenses, SEC complaint process, and penalties.
What Liability Applies for Hiding Corporate Minutes? Read More »
Learn penalties for falsifying corporate minutes and board quorum, including falsification risks, SEC consequences, and compliance tips for corporate secretaries.
What Are the Penalties for Falsifying Attendance in Corporate Minutes? Read More »
Learn penalties and SEC consequences for misrepresentation of paid-up capital in SEC incorporation, including fines and revocation risks.
Learn how independent auditor collusion is punished for false financial statements under R.A. No. 11232, NIRC Section 257, and SEC auditor accreditation rules.
How Is Independent Auditor Collusion Prosecuted in the Philippines? Read More »
Explains SEC enforcement on misleading disclosures and external auditor collusion in hidden insolvency, citing R.A. 11232 and leading rulings.
How Are Directors and External Auditors Liable for Financial Fraud? Read More »
