Who holds the ownership of the natural resources in the Philippines?

The State is the absolute owner of all lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils. This ownership extends to all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources. With the sole exception of agricultural lands, none of these natural resources can be alienated or sold to private entities. The full control and supervision over these resources are maintained by the State under Article XII, Section 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution. “All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. With the exception of agricultural lands, all other natural resources shall not be alienated.” 22-Mar-26

About Nicolas and De Vega Law Offices

 Nicolas and De Vega Law Offices is a full-service law firm in the Philippines.  You may visit us at the 16th Flr., Suite 1607 AIC Burgundy Empire Tower, ADB Ave., Ortigas Center, 1605 Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.  You may also call us at +632 84706126, +632 84706130, +632 84016392 or e-mail us at [email protected]. Visit our website https://ndvlaw.com/.