What is the default voting right of a member in a nonstock corporation?
The right of members of any class to vote may be limited, broadened, or denied, provided this is explicitly specified in the articles of incorporation or the bylaws (SEC. 88, Revised Corporation Code of the Philippines). However, unless such voting rights are limited, broadened, or denied, each member, regardless of their class, shall be entitled to one (1) vote by default. A member may exercise this vote in person, by proxy, or if authorized by the bylaws, through remote communication or in absentia. This ensures that every member has a baseline right to suffrage unless corporate documents restrict it.
30 October 2025
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