In what specific instances can the Supreme Court exercise its appellate jurisdiction?

The Supreme Court holds the power to review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari final judgments and orders of lower courts. This appellate power applies to cases involving the constitutionality of any treaty, law, or presidential decree, as well as the legality of any tax or penalty. It also covers criminal cases where the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher, and cases where only an error or question of law is involved. This extensive appellate jurisdiction is outlined in Article VIII Section 5 1987 Philippine Constitution. “(2) Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm on appeal or certiorari, as the law or the Rules of Court may provide, final judgments and orders of lower courts in: (a) All cases in which the constitutionality or validity of any treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or regulation is in question. (b) All cases involving the legality of any tax, impost, assessment, or toll, or any penalty imposed in relation thereto. (c) All cases in which the jurisdiction of any lower court is in issue. (d) All criminal cases in which the penalty imposed is reclusion perpetua or higher. (e) All cases in which only an error or question of law is involved.” 06-Mar-26

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